常用水泵的結構型式有哪些

常用水泵的結構型式主要有臥式、立式和斜式三種。

(l)臥式水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)與立式水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)相(xiang)比，安(an)裝(zhuang)精度(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低(di)，安(an)裝(zhuang)和檢修方便，葉(xie)輪安(an)裝(zhuang)在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)以上，腐(fu)蝕較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)輕，機(ji)組造價較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低(di)，泵(beng)(beng)(beng)房(fang)(fang)高度(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)，地(di)(di)基(ji)應(ying)力較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)且分(fen)布(bu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)均(jun)勻。但在啟動前需(xu)對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)和進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)路(lu)進行排氣(qi)充水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，泵(beng)(beng)(beng)房(fang)(fang)平面(mian)尺寸較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大，中(zhong)、小(xiao)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)路(lu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)長，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭損(sun)失較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大。主軸撓(nao)度(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大，軸承(cheng)(cheng)磨損(sun)不均(jun)勻，在高防(fang)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位時，泵(beng)(beng)(beng)房(fang)(fang)需(xu)采取防(fang)洪(hong)措施(shi)。臥式水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)適(shi)用于地(di)(di)基(ji)承(cheng)(cheng)載力較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位變(bian)幅較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)的(de)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)站。

(2)立式(shi)水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)占地面積較(jiao)小(xiao)，要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)泵(beng)房平(ping)面尺寸較(jiao)小(xiao)，水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)葉輪淹沒于水(shui)(shui)下，啟動(dong)前不需要(yao)(yao)充水(shui)(shui)，啟動(dong)方(fang)便。出水(shui)(shui)管路較(jiao)短，水(shui)(shui)頭損失較(jiao)小(xiao)，動(dong)力機安(an)裝(zhuang)在上層(ceng)，便于通(tong)風采光，有利于防潮、防洪。但(dan)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)泵(beng)房高(gao)度(du)較(jiao)大(da)，安(an)裝(zhuang)精(jing)度(du)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)較(jiao)高(gao)，檢修(xiu)麻煩(fan)，機組(zu)造(zao)價(jia)較(jiao)高(gao)，主要(yao)(yao)部件在水(shui)(shui)中，易(yi)于腐(fu)蝕。立式(shi)水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)適用于水(shui)(shui)源水(shui)(shui)位(wei)變(bian)幅(fu)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)泵(beng)站。

(3)斜式水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)安(an)裝、檢修方便，且(qie)可安(an)裝在岸(an)邊斜坡上，葉輪浸沒于(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)下，便于(yu)(yu)啟(qi)動(dong)，與立式軸流泵(beng)相比，進、出水(shui)(shui)管路轉(zhuan)彎角度小，水(shui)(shui)流流態較(jiao)好，水(shui)(shui)頭損(sun)失較(jiao)小，泵(beng)站運行效率較(jiao)高。但需要專門的支承(cheng)結構，動(dong)力機類(lei)型(xing)較(jiao)特(te)殊。斜式水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)適(shi)用于(yu)(yu)低(di)揚程的泵(beng)站。

般(ban)情(qing)況下，灌溉(gai)泵(beng)(beng)站揚(yang)程較(jiao)高，宜選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)離心泵(beng)(beng)或(huo)混(hun)流(liu)泵(beng)(beng)；排(pai)水(shui)泵(beng)(beng)站揚(yang)程較(jiao)低(di)，多選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)立式或(huo)臥式軸流(liu)泵(beng)(beng)或(huo)混(hun)流(liu)泵(beng)(beng)；流(liu)量較(jiao)小的低(di)揚(yang)程泵(beng)(beng)站，為便(bian)于安裝和檢(jian)修，可選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)斜式軸流(liu)泵(beng)(beng)。